Question
Aggiornato il
1 mar 2020
- Giapponese
-
Russo
Domanda chiusa
Domande Russo
I want to have image of the prefix “у-” of verbs in Russian language, except for verbs of motion.
For example;
узнать, увидеть, указать, устать, услышать, уплатить, уметь, убить,умереть ....
You know, these verbs are for absolutely beginner level.
Could you divided these verbs into some categories based on the function and meaning of “у-”?
I want to have image of the prefix “у-” of verbs in Russian language, except for verbs of motion.
For example;
узнать, увидеть, указать, устать, услышать, уплатить, уметь, убить,умереть ....
You know, these verbs are for absolutely beginner level.
Could you divided these verbs into some categories based on the function and meaning of “у-”?
For example;
узнать, увидеть, указать, устать, услышать, уплатить, уметь, убить,умереть ....
You know, these verbs are for absolutely beginner level.
Could you divided these verbs into some categories based on the function and meaning of “у-”?
Risposte

Utente eliminato
1 mar 2020
Domanda in primo piano
And frequently it means to make it to some ending state. Do something until an ending conclusion.
убить You бьёшь/(убиваешь if you originally want to kill or it retrospectivelly seen as you were killing) him until he is убитый. Убить-beat to an end, to kill. Also this word can mean "beat until some state (usually wanted by the beater) is reached" ◆ Пыль была убита дождём. ◆ Рабочие убили глиняный пол трамбовкой.
умереть is the same. You мрёшь (умираешь) until you reach the ending stage of умер. For an action you can use both мереть and умирать, but the endstate must have у.
уплатить Is maybe the same. You can платить (уплачивать), but the ended action is уплатил.
услышать You слышишь (but there's no word услышываешь I guess) and when you heard, you услышал/услыхал. You can "слушать, но не (у)слышать"-to hear (have your ears opened, do a meaningless deed), but not to hear (catch the information, come to a concluded state)
Maybe the action word with у implies that you are going to make it to the ended state. Like when you бьёшь, maybe it's not implied that you will conclude your deed, there is no final state that you are going to, but when you убиваешь, you are going to make your target into a killed state. And where there is not so much difference, like платить and уплачивать, both carry the same meaning-whether you are paying as if just giving money or as if going to have something paid for, it's the same.
устать I don't know about this word. Maybe it's about стоять and comes from "stand until you are exhausted" or something like that. The word устоять means "to stand your ground until the problem/attack ends"
указать I guess казать originally means "to say", so it means "to show something" (by words or by hand), and when you point to something, it is already an ended deed of pointing.
увидеть same as услышать. I guess there is no form увиждать/услыхивать, I don't know why. But if they were, the meaning would split in the same way.
узнать to come to know something. Знать could be a pair to узнавать, but знать means "to be in the state of knowing". Узнавать means "to come to know" so the nonexisting meaning of theoretical знать as an action and not a state could have been "to absorb information but without a target and without implying that you would have that information in the end"
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Utente eliminato
уметь I dont think this one's у is a prefix.
I think it generally means bring "to" some state, go "to" some place or make "into" something. But it is too abstract and hard to grasp in many places. Maybe you'll feel it with time. Just read https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/у-#Значение
- Giapponese
- Russo
- Ucraino
You asked a very good question. It seems to me that prefixes-у serve as a way to return to a one-time episode in the past or future, in brief!
Узнать –> знать; Я узнал его вчера среди толпы –> I recognized him from the crowd yesterday.
Я знал его среди толпы –> I know him from the crowd.
Уметь, убить, умереть – are independent words in the infinitive form
- Russo
''узнать'' means to find out something in future
''знать'' means to know smth in generally
or if it's the past time ''Я узнал'' is like perfected action ''I found out'', ''Я знал'' is "I knew it''
The same with verbs ''увидеть''(for example: with ''у'' - I will see; without - I see) ''услышать''
But it's not about for example for words ''уметь", ''умереть'' where ''у'' is the part of a root

Utente eliminato
And frequently it means to make it to some ending state. Do something until an ending conclusion.
убить You бьёшь/(убиваешь if you originally want to kill or it retrospectivelly seen as you were killing) him until he is убитый. Убить-beat to an end, to kill. Also this word can mean "beat until some state (usually wanted by the beater) is reached" ◆ Пыль была убита дождём. ◆ Рабочие убили глиняный пол трамбовкой.
умереть is the same. You мрёшь (умираешь) until you reach the ending stage of умер. For an action you can use both мереть and умирать, but the endstate must have у.
уплатить Is maybe the same. You can платить (уплачивать), but the ended action is уплатил.
услышать You слышишь (but there's no word услышываешь I guess) and when you heard, you услышал/услыхал. You can "слушать, но не (у)слышать"-to hear (have your ears opened, do a meaningless deed), but not to hear (catch the information, come to a concluded state)
Maybe the action word with у implies that you are going to make it to the ended state. Like when you бьёшь, maybe it's not implied that you will conclude your deed, there is no final state that you are going to, but when you убиваешь, you are going to make your target into a killed state. And where there is not so much difference, like платить and уплачивать, both carry the same meaning-whether you are paying as if just giving money or as if going to have something paid for, it's the same.
устать I don't know about this word. Maybe it's about стоять and comes from "stand until you are exhausted" or something like that. The word устоять means "to stand your ground until the problem/attack ends"
указать I guess казать originally means "to say", so it means "to show something" (by words or by hand), and when you point to something, it is already an ended deed of pointing.
увидеть same as услышать. I guess there is no form увиждать/услыхивать, I don't know why. But if they were, the meaning would split in the same way.
узнать to come to know something. Знать could be a pair to узнавать, but знать means "to be in the state of knowing". Узнавать means "to come to know" so the nonexisting meaning of theoretical знать as an action and not a state could have been "to absorb information but without a target and without implying that you would have that information in the end"
- Giapponese
@quimica Your opinion seems good suggestion to me. I felt "y" means a kind of "realization" as regard for узнать and увидеть.
- Giapponese
@vsyaa89 Thank you very much for your long explanation!

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