Question
Aggiornato il
20 feb 2022
- Olandese
-
Russo
Domande Russo
Is there a logic behind the choice of prefixes for future tenses or should I just learn the case for every individual verb? For example 'will learn' and 'will write' both start with 'на' (научится, напишет), whereas 'will speak' starts with 'по' (поговорит) and will see with 'у' (увидеть).
Is there a logic behind the choice of prefixes for future tenses or should I just learn the case for every individual verb? For example 'will learn' and 'will write' both start with 'на' (научится, напишет), whereas 'will speak' starts with 'по' (поговорит) and will see with 'у' (увидеть).
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Utente eliminato
Actually, the choice of prefixes isn't the matter of tense, but the matter of the meaning. Each prefix gives meaning nuances to a verb and can be used in the Future as well as in the Past tense.
For example,
он поговорит (future), он поговорил (past)
онa проговорит (future), онa проговорилa (past)
- Olandese
Thank you! So a similar prefix can for one verb indicate a past tense whereas for the other it can mean future tense?
Utente eliminato
- Olandese
- Russo
What you're talking about is not about tenses, but about verb aspects: perfective and imperfective.
As Silence_ said certain prefixes can define the verb aspects and give more or less the same meaning across the board. But often there's no solid system and it's just what it is. Certain suffixes also define the aspect, like ыва/о-ва/еваis always imperfective, ну is always perfective as it means a single action. Perfective verbs don't have a present tense form, apart from that both aspect can be used in various tenses, depending on what you're trying to say.
Выжить - survive, perfective.
Выживать - imperfective.
Записать - write down, record, perfective.
Записывать - imperfective.
Utente esperto
- Russo
- Ucraino
You should just learn the case for every individual verb
- Russo
Same difference to prefixed or postfixed verbs in any IE language, really. It's never random but prefixes may convey a lot of various meanings, and some of those are hardly obvious. It doesn't have to do with tenses specifically; verbs are paired by aspect (imperfective vs perfective aspect opposition), and tense forms are formed by simple rules for either aspect. The Russian verb system is kinda complex but makes nice sense when you take it all in. Generally, you have the basic verb (usually imperfective), from which you derive a bunch of perfective verbs with different prefixes, then you have specific imperfective pairs for those with the appropriate suffix, and there may even be secondary derivative perfective verbs with a certain additional prefix. Example: просить 'ask (for something)' - the basic imperfective verb; попросить - its perfective pair; спросить, допросить, выпросить, упросить... - derived perfective verbs with specific meanings (спросить 'ask (a question)', допросить 'interrogate' etc.); спрашивать, допрашивать, выпрашивать, упрашивать... - their respective imperfective pairs; поспрашивать, повыпрашивать... - possible secondary perfective pairs. по- is the usual prefix to form a basic perfective verb pair (but it has other meanings as well and can form imperfective verbs too).
Utente esperto
- Russo
"Will see" with the prefix "по" = повидает.
No, there is no such logic. The choice of prefix depends on what meaning you want to give to the verb. You need to know which prefix how changes the meaning of the verb.
https://grammatika-rus.ru/glavnaya/morfemnyj-ra...
Utente esperto
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