how do you use approve(intransitive verb) and approve(transitive verb) ?
For instance, which is more common?
Her father does not approve of a marriage with Tom.
Her father does not approve a marriage with Tom.

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"approve of a" refers to the approval of an idea or proposal (i.e. whether the person supports or objects to the idea or proposal).

"Her father does/will not approve of a marriage with Tom" = "Her father objects (or will object) to the idea of his daughter marrying Tom" (her father does/will not like the idea)


"aprove a" refers to a statement or declaration of approval (i.e. whether a person permits or prohibits/rejects an action).

"Her father does/will not approve a marriage with Tom" = "Her father does/will not formally recognize or authorize the marriage with Tom"